The Ultimate Guide To Complying With Part 135 Requirements

14 May 2024
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What are Part 135 Requirements?

Part 135 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) establishes the requirements for operating on-demand air taxi and commuter operations. These regulations cover a wide range of topics, including aircraft certification, pilot training, maintenance procedures, and safety management systems.

Part 135 operations are important because they provide a critical link in the nation's transportation system. They offer scheduled and on-demand air service to communities that are not served by larger airlines. In addition, Part 135 operators provide essential services such as medical evacuations and cargo transport.

The history of Part 135 requirements dates back to the early days of commercial aviation. In the 1950s, the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) established regulations for on-demand air taxi operations. These regulations were later incorporated into Part 135 of the FARs.

Over the years, Part 135 requirements have been revised and updated to reflect changes in technology and the aviation industry. Today, these regulations are essential for ensuring the safety of on-demand air taxi and commuter operations.

Part 135 Requirements

Part 135 requirements are essential regulations for ensuring the safety of on-demand air taxi and commuter operations. These requirements cover a wide range of topics, including:

Aircraft certification
Pilot training
Maintenance procedures
Safety management systems
Operating limitations
Recordkeeping
Inspections

Part 135 operators must comply with these requirements in order to operate legally. The FAA conducts regular inspections to ensure that operators are in compliance. Failure to comply with Part 135 requirements can result in enforcement action, including fines and suspension or revocation of operating authority.

Part 135 requirements are essential for ensuring the safety of on-demand air taxi and commuter operations. These requirements cover a wide range of topics, including aircraft certification, pilot training, maintenance procedures, and safety management systems. By complying with these requirements, Part 135 operators can help to ensure the safety of their passengers and crew.

Aircraft certification

Aircraft certification is the process by which an aircraft is determined to be airworthy and safe for operation. This process is overseen by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the United States and by similar agencies in other countries. Aircraft certification is required for all aircraft that are operated for commercial purposes, including Part 135 operations.

Design and construction
The FAA's aircraft certification process begins with a review of the aircraft's design and construction. The FAA must approve the aircraft's design before it can be manufactured. The FAA also inspects the aircraft during construction to ensure that it is built in accordance with the approved design.
Performance testing
Once the aircraft is built, it must undergo a series of performance tests. These tests are designed to demonstrate that the aircraft meets the FAA's safety standards. The tests include checks of the aircraft's handling, stability, and performance.
Certification
If the aircraft meets all of the FAA's requirements, it will be issued an airworthiness certificate. This certificate indicates that the aircraft is safe for operation. The airworthiness certificate must be renewed annually.
Ongoing maintenance
In order to maintain its airworthiness certificate, the aircraft must be properly maintained. This includes regular inspections and repairs. The FAA conducts periodic inspections of Part 135 operators to ensure that their aircraft are being properly maintained.

Aircraft certification is an essential part of Part 135 requirements. It helps to ensure that the aircraft that are used for Part 135 operations are safe and well-maintained.

Pilot training

Pilot training is a critical component of Part 135 requirements. Part 135 pilots must receive training in a variety of areas, including:

Basic flying skills
Part 135 pilots must have a thorough understanding of basic flying skills, including takeoff, landing, and navigation. They must also be able to fly in a variety of weather conditions.
Aircraft systems
Part 135 pilots must be familiar with the aircraft systems that they will be flying. This includes knowledge of the aircraft's engines, electrical systems, and hydraulic systems.
Emergency procedures
Part 135 pilots must be trained in emergency procedures. This includes knowledge of how to respond to a variety of emergencies, such as engine failures, fires, and medical emergencies.
CRM and teamwork
Part 135 pilots must be trained in crew resource management (CRM) and teamwork. This includes knowledge of how to work effectively with other crew members and how to manage the workload in the cockpit.

Part 135 pilots must also receive recurrent training on a regular basis. This training helps to ensure that pilots remain proficient in their skills and knowledge.

Pilot training is an essential part of Part 135 requirements. It helps to ensure that Part 135 pilots are qualified to operate aircraft safely and efficiently.

Maintenance procedures

Maintenance procedures are a critical component of Part 135 requirements. Part 135 operators must have a maintenance program that ensures that their aircraft are safe and well-maintained. This program must include regular inspections, repairs, and overhauls.

The FAA conducts regular inspections of Part 135 operators to ensure that their maintenance programs are adequate and that their aircraft are being properly maintained. Failure to comply with Part 135 maintenance requirements can result in enforcement action, including fines and suspension or revocation of operating authority.

There are a number of reasons why maintenance procedures are so important for Part 135 operations. First, Part 135 aircraft are often used to transport passengers and cargo in remote areas. This means that they must be able to operate safely and reliably, even in harsh weather conditions.

Second, Part 135 operators often fly at night and in low visibility conditions. This means that their aircraft must be equipped with reliable lighting and navigation systems.

Third, Part 135 aircraft are often used to transport hazardous materials. This means that they must be maintained to the highest safety standards to prevent accidents.

By following Part 135 maintenance requirements, operators can help to ensure that their aircraft are safe and well-maintained. This helps to protect the safety of passengers, crew, and the public.

Safety management systems

Safety management systems (SMS) are a critical component of Part 135 requirements. SMSs are designed to help operators identify and manage safety risks. They provide a systematic approach to safety management, and they can help operators to improve their safety performance.

Part 135 operators are required to have an SMS in place. The SMS must be tailored to the operator's specific operations. It must include the following elements:

A safety policy
A safety risk management process
A safety assurance process
A safety promotion process

The safety policy sets out the operator's commitment to safety. It should be signed by the operator's top management.

The safety risk management process is used to identify and manage safety risks. It should include a process for identifying hazards, assessing risks, and developing and implementing risk controls.

The safety assurance process is used to verify that the operator's SMS is effective. It should include a process for conducting safety audits and reviews.

The safety promotion process is used to promote safety awareness and to encourage employees to report safety concerns. It should include a process for conducting safety training and for communicating safety information to employees.

SMSs are an essential part of Part 135 requirements. They help operators to identify and manage safety risks, and they can help to improve their safety performance.

There are a number of real-life examples of how SMSs have helped to improve safety in Part 135 operations. For example, one operator used its SMS to identify a potential hazard with its aircraft's landing gear. The operator was able to develop and implement a risk control to mitigate the hazard, and this helped to prevent an accident.

Another operator used its SMS to identify a trend of runway overruns. The operator was able to develop and implement a risk control to reduce the risk of runway overruns, and this helped to improve the operator's safety performance.

SMSs are a valuable tool for Part 135 operators. They can help operators to identify and manage safety risks, and they can help to improve their safety performance.

Operating limitations

Operating limitations are an essential component of Part 135 requirements. They define the conditions under which an aircraft may be operated safely. These limitations include:

Maximum takeoff weight
Maximum landing weight
Maximum altitude
Maximum speed
Minimum crew
Equipment requirements

Operating limitations are determined by the aircraft manufacturer and are approved by the FAA. They are based on the aircraft's design, performance, and safety characteristics. Operating limitations are important because they help to ensure that the aircraft is operated safely and within its design limits.

There are a number of real-life examples of how operating limitations have helped to prevent accidents. For example, in 2013, a Part 135 operator was conducting a flight in icing conditions. The aircraft's operating limitations prohibited flight in icing conditions, but the operator decided to proceed with the flight anyway. The aircraft crashed, killing all on board.

This accident could have been prevented if the operator had followed the aircraft's operating limitations. Operating limitations are essential for ensuring the safety of Part 135 operations. They define the conditions under which an aircraft may be operated safely, and they help to prevent accidents.

Recordkeeping

Recordkeeping is an essential component of Part 135 requirements. Part 135 operators are required to maintain a variety of records, including:

Flight records
Flight records must be maintained for each flight. These records must include the date, time, aircraft registration number, pilot in command, route of flight, and any incidents or delays.
Maintenance records
Maintenance records must be maintained for each aircraft. These records must include all maintenance performed on the aircraft, including inspections, repairs, and overhauls.
Training records
Training records must be maintained for each pilot. These records must include all training received by the pilot, including initial training, recurrent training, and simulator training.
Personnel records
Personnel records must be maintained for each employee. These records must include the employee's name, address, date of birth, and qualifications.

Recordkeeping is important for Part 135 operators because it provides a history of the operator's operations. These records can be used to track maintenance, training, and personnel issues. They can also be used to investigate accidents and incidents.

The FAA conducts regular inspections of Part 135 operators to ensure that they are maintaining adequate records. Failure to maintain adequate records can result in enforcement action, including fines and suspension or revocation of operating authority.

Inspections

Inspections are an essential component of Part 135 requirements. They are used to ensure that aircraft and operators are in compliance with all applicable regulations. The FAA conducts a variety of inspections, including:

Ramp inspections
Ramp inspections are conducted to ensure that aircraft are in compliance with all applicable regulations. This includes checks of the aircraft's registration, airworthiness certificate, and maintenance records. Ramp inspections may also include a physical inspection of the aircraft.
In-flight inspections
In-flight inspections are conducted to ensure that pilots are operating aircraft in compliance with all applicable regulations. This includes checks of the pilot's certificate, medical certificate, and logbook. In-flight inspections may also include a check of the aircraft's operating limitations.
Records inspections
Records inspections are conducted to ensure that operators are maintaining adequate records. This includes checks of the operator's flight records, maintenance records, training records, and personnel records. Records inspections may also include a check of the operator's safety management system.
Special inspections
Special inspections are conducted to investigate specific safety concerns. This may include inspections of aircraft that have been involved in accidents or incidents, or inspections of operators that have a history of safety violations.

Inspections are an important part of Part 135 requirements. They help to ensure that aircraft and operators are in compliance with all applicable regulations. This helps to improve safety and prevent accidents.

FAQs on Part 135 Requirements

Question 1: What is the purpose of Part 135 requirements?

Part 135 requirements are designed to ensure the safety of on-demand air taxi and commuter operations. These regulations establish minimum standards for aircraft, pilots, maintenance, and operations.

Question 2: Who must comply with Part 135 requirements?

Part 135 requirements apply to all operators of on-demand air taxi and commuter operations. This includes both commercial operators and private operators who fly for compensation or hire.

Question 3: What are the key elements of Part 135 requirements?

The key elements of Part 135 requirements include aircraft certification, pilot training, maintenance procedures, safety management systems, operating limitations, recordkeeping, and inspections.

Question 4: How are Part 135 requirements enforced?

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is responsible for enforcing Part 135 requirements. The FAA conducts regular inspections of operators to ensure compliance. Failure to comply with Part 135 requirements can result in enforcement action, including fines and suspension or revocation of operating authority.

Question 5: What are the benefits of complying with Part 135 requirements?

Complying with Part 135 requirements helps to ensure the safety of on-demand air taxi and commuter operations. Compliance with Part 135 requirements can also help operators to avoid enforcement action and maintain their operating authority.

Summary: Part 135 requirements are essential for ensuring the safety of on-demand air taxi and commuter operations. Operators who comply with Part 135 requirements can help to protect the safety of their passengers, crew, and the public.

Conclusion

Part 135 requirements are essential for ensuring the safety of on-demand air taxi and commuter operations. These regulations establish minimum standards for aircraft, pilots, maintenance, and operations. By complying with Part 135 requirements, operators can help to protect the safety of their passengers, crew, and the public.

The future of Part 135 operations is bright. The demand for on-demand air taxi and commuter services is growing, and Part 135 operators are well-positioned to meet this demand. By continuing to comply with Part 135 requirements and investing in safety, Part 135 operators can continue to provide safe and reliable air transportation services.

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